The cells have a cylindrical or slightly oval shape when viewed in cross-section. The valves are not strongly composed of silica. Cerataulina pelagica is a species that tends to form chains, although in fixed samples, these chains often break apart. The valve surface has two distinct winged structures, which can be easily observed under light microscopy. Near the base of these structures, the valve has small slits, although they are seldom visible using light microscopy. Additionally, there is a central labiate process.