The posterior edge of the breast scales is elongated to a point. There are 4-9 preopercular spines. The infraorbital and suborbital ridges bear spines or serrae, with some usually being bicuspid. There are 2-6 preocular spines. The anterior 12-28 lateral line scales bear a small spine or ridge, and scales in rows above the lateral line sometimes have a hook or tubercle. The total gill rakers are frequently 8.