Pectoral fins strongly falcate; mouth subterminal; spiracles long, slit-like and dorsal to the plane of the pectoral fins; denticles densely cover most of the body surfaces, very rough to touch; a strong bony ridge present along dorsal mid-line; tail whip-like but short, slightly longer than disc in juveniles, much less than disc length in adults; caudal spine absent. Body colour uniform greyish green to greyish brown above; dorsal fin plain, without a white tip; ventral surface whitish anteriorly, pale greyish posteriorly.