These cells exhibit a noticeable constriction between the valve mantle and the girdle. Each cell contains two chloroplasts, and the apertures take on a lanceolate shape. In their resting state, the cells form spores that are unequally vaulted and adorned with spines. These cells are connected in chains and can create coils, curves, or remain straight in their arrangement. Their size ranges from 12 to 40 µm. They contain two chloroplasts, and their resting spores are distinguished by their unequal vaulting and spines.Reproduction in these cells is oogamous, and they also undergo asexual division by vertically separating the theca. The size of these cells can vary within the range of 12 to 40 µm. They possess two chloroplasts, and their resting spores are characterized by their unequal vaulting and spines. Sexual reproduction follows an oogamous pattern, and asexual division occurs through the vertical separation of the theca.