These microorganisms are unicellular and exist in a planktonic state. Their cell bodies are elongated and cylindroid in shape, featuring long spiny projections at both ends. The cell wall is divided into two parts that overlap at the mid-region. These microorganisms contain several plate-like chloroplasts, devoid of pyrenoids. The cell body itself typically measures between 16 to 40 μm in length and 8 to 15 μm in width, with spines extending to lengths ranging from 15 to 30 μm.