The cells exhibit a drum-like structure, featuring a flat top (valve face) and a curved side (mantle). They are typically solitary and contain numerous chloroplasts positioned along the cell’s periphery. Occasionally, a cytoplasmic bridge connects two cells. A cingulum, composed of two or three bands, encircles the cell’s midsection. The upper band, known as the valvocopula, is relatively wide but is often susceptible to damage during cleaning. The second band is narrower and is notable for a ligula that fits into the valvocopula’s opening. The cell’s top (valve) is round and possesses a central annulus that can be either clear or covered in small holes (areolate). Areolae on the valve face are organized into sectors, separated by complete radial rows of areolae. Toward the distal end of these rows, there’s a single opening of the labiate process. Areolae are more densely concentrated on the cell’s side (mantle) compared to the top.